1: \(A=\dfrac{x^2-\left(a+1\right)x+a}{x^3-a^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-xa-x+a}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x^2+ax+a^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x^2+ax+a^2\right)}=\dfrac{x-1}{x^2+ax+a^2}\)

\(lim_{x->a}A=lim_{x->a}\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x^2+ax+a^2}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{a-1}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{a-1}{3a^2}\)

2: \(B=\dfrac{1}{1-x}-\dfrac{3}{1-x^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{x^3-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1+3}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x^2-x+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x-2}{x^2+x+1}\)

\(lim_{x->1}\left(B\right)=\dfrac{-1-2}{1^2+1+1}=\dfrac{-3}{3}=-1\)

3: \(C=\dfrac{\left(x+h\right)^3-x^3}{h}=\dfrac{\left(x+h-x\right)\left(x^2+2xh+h^2+x^2+hx+x^2\right)}{h}\)

\(=3x^2+3hx\)

\(lim_{h->0}\left(C\right)=3x^2+3\cdot0\cdot x=3x^2\)

Tui nghĩ cái này L'Hospital chứ giải thông thường là ko ổn :)

\(M=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+4x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-\left(1+6x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}}{1-\cos3x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+4x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.4-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+6x\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}.6}{3.\sin3x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{4}.4\left(1+4x\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}.4+\dfrac{2}{9}.6.6\left(1+6x\right)^{-\dfrac{5}{3}}}{3.3.\cos3x}\) 

Giờ thay x vô là được

\(N=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+ax\right)^{\dfrac{1}{m}}-\left(1+bx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{\left(1+x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{m}.\left(1+ax\right)^{\dfrac{1}{m}-1}.a-\dfrac{1}{n}\left(1+bx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}.b}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{m}-\dfrac{b}{n}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}\)

\(V=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+mx\right)^n-\left(1+nx\right)^m}{\left(1+2x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-\left(1+3x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(1+mx\right)^{n-1}.m-m\left(1+nx\right)^{m-1}.n}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.2-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+3x\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}.3}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(1+mx\right)^{n-2}.m-m\left(m-1\right)\left(1+nx\right)^{m-2}.n}{-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2x\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}.2+\dfrac{2}{9}.3.3\left(1+3x\right)^{-\dfrac{5}{3}}}=....\left(thay-x-vo-la-duoc\right)\)

a: \(\lim\limits_{x->0^-^-}\dfrac{-2x+x}{x\left(x-1\right)}=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-x}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)

\(=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x-1}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{0-1}=\dfrac{-1}{-1}=1\)

b: \(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{x^2-x-x^2+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)

\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-x+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)

\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-1+\dfrac{1}{x}}{-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Chúng ta tính giới hạn sau:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\)

Cách đơn giản nhất là sử dụng L'Hopital:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-x^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n}x^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}}{-1}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Phức tạp hơn thì tách mẫu theo hằng đẳng thức

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[x]{n}}{\left(1-\sqrt[n]{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Tóm lại ta có:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Do đó:

\(I_1=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[2]{x}}{1-x}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[3]{x}}{1-x}\right)...\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{3}...\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{1}{n!}\)

Câu 2 cũng vậy: L'Hopital hoặc tách hằng đẳng thức trâu bò (thôi L'Hopital đi cho đỡ sợ)

\(I_2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^n-\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^n}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+1\right)-n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}-1\right)}{1}\)

\(=\dfrac{n.1-n\left(-1\right)}{1}=2n\)

a/ \(=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2x^3+6x^2h+6xh^2+2h^3-2x^3}{h}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6xh^2+6x^2h+2h^3}{h}=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\left(6xh+6x^2+2h^2\right)=6x^2\)

b/ Xet day :\(S=x+x^2+....+x^{2021}\)

Day co \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=x\\q=x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow S=u_1.\dfrac{q^{2021}-1}{q-1}=x.\dfrac{x^{2021}-1}{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x^{2022}-x}{x-1}-2021}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2022}-x-2021x+2021}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x^{2022}}{x^2}-\dfrac{x}{x^2}-\dfrac{2021x}{x^2}+\dfrac{2021}{x^2}}{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}-\dfrac{2x}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2020}}{1}=1\)

Lam lai cau b, hinh nhu bi nham sang dang \(\dfrac{\infty}{\infty}\) roi

Xet day: \(S=x+x^2+...+x^{2021}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=x.\dfrac{x^{2021}-1}{x-1}=\dfrac{x^{2022}-x}{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2022}-2022x+2021}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

L'Hospital: \(\Rightarrow...=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2022x^{2021}-2022}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2022.2021.x^{2020}}{2}=2043231\)

Is that true :v?

Cau a co the xai L'Hospital cung ra:

L'Hospital: 

\(...=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6xh^2+6x^2h+2h^3}{h}=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6h^2+12xh+6x^2+12xh+6h^2}{1}=6x^2\)

\(A=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(x^2+2017\right)\left(\sqrt[5]{1-5x}-1\right)+x^2}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-\dfrac{5x\left(x^2+2017\right)}{\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^4}+\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^3}+\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^2}+\sqrt[5]{1-5x}+1}+x^2}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left(-\dfrac{5\left(x^2+2017\right)}{\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^4}+\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^3}+\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^2}+\sqrt[5]{1-5x}+1}+x\right)\)

\(=-2017\)

dễ thấy hàm số trên có dạng 0/0

áp dụng quy tắc l'Hôpital 

\(A=_{\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(x^2+2017\right)\sqrt[5]{1-5x}-2017}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\left(x^2+2017\right)\sqrt[5]{1-5x}-2017\right)'}{\left(x\right)'}}\)

\(A=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-x^2-2017}{\sqrt[5]{\left(1-5x\right)^4}}+2x\sqrt[5]{1-5x}=\dfrac{-2017}{1}=-2017\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)}{2x^2-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2x}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-2}{\left(0-1\right)\left(\sqrt{1}+1\right)}=1\)

a. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-4}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{x+2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

b. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}\)

Do \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(-x-3\right)=-6< 0\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(3-x\right)=0\) và \(3-x>0;\forall x< 3\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}=-\infty\)

làm bài lim xem nào :))) 

P/s Sở Kiều :))

Hướng làm thôi chứ gõ công thức lâu vl

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}-\sqrt[3]{x^3+1}}{x}\) 

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}-1}{x}+\dfrac{1-\sqrt[3]{x^3+1}}{x}\)

Đến đây liên hợp là xong phần của bạn đó ;) 

Ko sử dụng L'Hopital:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{1-cosx+cosx\left(1-cos2x\right)}{x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}+2cosx.sin^2x}{x^2}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}{\dfrac{x}{2}}\right)^2+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}2cosx\left(\dfrac{sinx}{x}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.1^2+2.1.1^2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)